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Government
The politics of Indonesia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two People's Representative Councils. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The 1945 constitution provided for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial power. The governmental system has been described as "presidential with parliamentary characteristics.
Chief of state: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (since 20 October 2004);
Vice President Boediono (since 20 October 2009);
The President is both the Chief of State and Head of Government
Head of Government: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (since 20 October 2004);
Vice President Boediono (since 20 October 2009)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
Elections: President and Vice President are elected for five-year terms (eligible for a second term) by direct vote of the citizenry; last held on 8 July 2009 (next to be held in 2014)
Election Results: Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono elected President;
Percent of vote Susilo Bambang Yudyoyono 60.8%, Megawati Sukarnoputri 26.8%, Jusuf Kalla 12.4%
People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) is the upper house, consists of members of DPR and DPD, has role in inaugurating and impeaching the president and in amending the constitution, does not formulate national policy; House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (560 seats, members elected to serve five-year terms), formulates and passes legislation at the national level; House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions
Elections: Last held 9 April 2009 (next to be held in 2014)
Election results: Percent of vote by party - PD 20.9%, GOLKAR 14.5%, PDI-P 14.0%, PKS 7.9%, PAN 6.0%, PPP 5.3%, PKB 4.9%, GERINDRA 4.5%, HANURA 3.8%, others 18.2%; seats by party - PD 148, GOLKAR 107, PDI-P 94, PKS 57, PAN 46, PPP 37, PKB 28, GERINDRA 26, HANURA 17
Note: 29 other parties received less than 2.5% of the vote so did not obtain any seats; because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung is the final court of appeal but does not have the power of judicial review (justices are appointed by the president from a list of candidates selected by the legislature); in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (invested by the president on 16 August 2003) has the power of judicial review, jurisdiction over the results of a general election, and reviews actions to dismiss a president from office; Labor Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in January 2006; the Anti-Corruption Court has jurisdiction over corruption cases brought by the independent Corruption Eradication Commission
Democrat Party or PD [Hadi Utomo]; Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Aburizal Bakrie]; Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [Suhardi]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [Megawati Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman Iskandar]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Sutrisno Bachir]; People's Conscience Party or HANURA [Wiranto]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Luthfi Hasan Shaw]; United Development Party or PPP [Suryadharma Ali]
